IHAEFE FEB RAS
Indexed
#1’2014
CONTENTS
THE 110TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
Andrey Kalachinsky, Cand. Sc. (Philology), associate editor of the magazine “Russia and the Pacific”, Deputy First Vice Rector of Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, Vladivostok.
This article discusses the evaluation of events of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 by the community of professional historians and military and historical sites. How true public opinion, formed by online publications of amateur historians, assesses the key points of this war? Some opinions on the current state of the Pacific Fleet by reserve officers are provided.
Key words: Russo-Japanese War, the cruiser “Varyag”, Tsushima, public opinion, patriotism, Internet, sites of military history, historical fact and its polemical interpretation, Russian Pacific Fleet.
This article discusses the evaluation of events of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 by the community of professional historians and military and historical sites. How true public opinion, formed by online publications of amateur historians, assesses the key points of this war? Some opinions on the current state of the Pacific Fleet by reserve officers are provided.
Key words: Russo-Japanese War, the cruiser “Varyag”, Tsushima, public opinion, patriotism, Internet, sites of military history, historical fact and its polemical interpretation, Russian Pacific Fleet.
Mikhail Partala, Scientific secretary of the A.S. Popov Memorial museum of the St Petersburg ETU, Cand. Sc. (technical), assistant professor.
On the basis of the archival documents, the paper tells about participation of the students of the Oriental institute in the Russian-Japanese war at sea as naval translators.
Key words: the Russian-Japanese war, 1st Pacific fleet of Russia, Port-Arthur, communication intelligence, Oriental institute, Vladivostok, students — translators, E.F. Lebedev, P.I. Siviakov, A.N. Zankovskiy, G.F. Jaschinskiy.
On the basis of the archival documents, the paper tells about participation of the students of the Oriental institute in the Russian-Japanese war at sea as naval translators.
Key words: the Russian-Japanese war, 1st Pacific fleet of Russia, Port-Arthur, communication intelligence, Oriental institute, Vladivostok, students — translators, E.F. Lebedev, P.I. Siviakov, A.N. Zankovskiy, G.F. Jaschinskiy.
Vadim Agapov, Candidate of History, Senior Lecturer, Department of Journalism and Publishing business, Far Eastern federal University, Vladivostok.
The article deals with coverage of The Russian-Japanese war of 1904—1905, of the city life in Vladivostok during the war on the pages of Vladivostok press. It analyzes the subjects of publications and the adequacy of the reflection of military events and public sentiment in newspapers. It concludes that under conditions of rigid censorship both local newspapers had to speak carefully. They mainly used the articles reprinted from the metropolitan press. Information about the war was varied, but poorly reflecting the life of the city.
Key words: Russian-Japanese war, the periodical press, Vladivostok.
The article deals with coverage of The Russian-Japanese war of 1904—1905, of the city life in Vladivostok during the war on the pages of Vladivostok press. It analyzes the subjects of publications and the adequacy of the reflection of military events and public sentiment in newspapers. It concludes that under conditions of rigid censorship both local newspapers had to speak carefully. They mainly used the articles reprinted from the metropolitan press. Information about the war was varied, but poorly reflecting the life of the city.
Key words: Russian-Japanese war, the periodical press, Vladivostok.
Vladimir Grinyuk, Cand. Sc. (History), Senior researcher, Institute of Far Eastern Studies RAS, Moscow.
In this article Korea is considered as a main object of the rivalry between Russia and Japan which caused Russo-Japanese War, as well as the first strategic aim of combat activities of the army and the navy of Japan. A legal assessment is given to steps of Japan aimed at the enslavement of Korea. Korea’s attempts to maintain its neutrality are depicted. An attitude of Koreans to Russia and Japan before, during and after Russo-Japanese War is explained.
Key words: concerns and influence of Japan in Korea, a rivalry of Russia and Japan in Korea, protectorate, Portsmouth Peace Treaty.
In this article Korea is considered as a main object of the rivalry between Russia and Japan which caused Russo-Japanese War, as well as the first strategic aim of combat activities of the army and the navy of Japan. A legal assessment is given to steps of Japan aimed at the enslavement of Korea. Korea’s attempts to maintain its neutrality are depicted. An attitude of Koreans to Russia and Japan before, during and after Russo-Japanese War is explained.
Key words: concerns and influence of Japan in Korea, a rivalry of Russia and Japan in Korea, protectorate, Portsmouth Peace Treaty.
Sergei Kharitonov, Russian State Military Historical Archive, Moscow.
Oleg V. Chistyakov, Cand. Sc. (History), head of scientific and reference system of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, Dolgoprudny.
The question of establishing the number of losses incurred by some army during the war, is very important for the military historians. The activities of the War Ministry of the Russian Empire in the collection, processing and publication of data on the losses incurred by the land forces during the Russo-Japanese war 1904—1905, ñan be traced based on official reports on the activities of the Ministry of Defense and documents of the Main Staff. On 5 March 1904 by order of the War Minister under the Main Staff established a special unit whose task was to conduct all correspondence caused by the collection and publication of data on deaths and injuries of the lower ranks in the theater of military operations, as well as issuing inquiries about the fate of soldiers. The article described the activities of the special department of the War Ministry of accounting losses and problems that become apparent in the course of its work. The authors draw conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses existed during the period of registration losses, the open nature of the publication of information on casualties undertaken in the official organs of the War Ministry. The experience of the department was applied during the next war — World War I.
Key words: Russo-Japanese war 1904—1905, the Main Staff, War Ministry, the loss, killed, wounded and missing, casualties.
Oleg V. Chistyakov, Cand. Sc. (History), head of scientific and reference system of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, Dolgoprudny.
The question of establishing the number of losses incurred by some army during the war, is very important for the military historians. The activities of the War Ministry of the Russian Empire in the collection, processing and publication of data on the losses incurred by the land forces during the Russo-Japanese war 1904—1905, ñan be traced based on official reports on the activities of the Ministry of Defense and documents of the Main Staff. On 5 March 1904 by order of the War Minister under the Main Staff established a special unit whose task was to conduct all correspondence caused by the collection and publication of data on deaths and injuries of the lower ranks in the theater of military operations, as well as issuing inquiries about the fate of soldiers. The article described the activities of the special department of the War Ministry of accounting losses and problems that become apparent in the course of its work. The authors draw conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses existed during the period of registration losses, the open nature of the publication of information on casualties undertaken in the official organs of the War Ministry. The experience of the department was applied during the next war — World War I.
Key words: Russo-Japanese war 1904—1905, the Main Staff, War Ministry, the loss, killed, wounded and missing, casualties.
Roman Kolesnik, Captain 1st Rank (Rt), Maritime State University, Vladivostok.
In order to ensure navigational safety of ships and warships in the Far Eastern seas, particularly in the Yellow Sea, hydrographic studies of the seas of Northeast China and the Russian Far East were organized by Russia as well as Japan. The results of this work reflected on the results of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904—1905.
Key words: Russian Far East, Japan, Northeast China, safety of navigation, hydrology, hydrometeorology, navigation, research.
In order to ensure navigational safety of ships and warships in the Far Eastern seas, particularly in the Yellow Sea, hydrographic studies of the seas of Northeast China and the Russian Far East were organized by Russia as well as Japan. The results of this work reflected on the results of the Russo-Japanese war of 1904—1905.
Key words: Russian Far East, Japan, Northeast China, safety of navigation, hydrology, hydrometeorology, navigation, research.
Dmitry Liharev, Dr. Sc. (History), Professor of the Department of History Education, FEFU, Vladivostok.
The article analyzes the German policy towards Russia before and during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904—1905. The author argues that, contrary to conventional opinion, in the ranks of the German military and political elite there was no agreement on the question of Russia’s involvement in an armed conflict with Japan. Wilhelm II, Chancellor Bulow and representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs believed that the war will benefit Germany. A. von Tirpitz and some of his subordinates were of the opinion that this situation is fraught with danger for the successful development of maritime policy in Germany.
Key words: Russo-Japanese War, Germany, international relations, military & political elite.
The article analyzes the German policy towards Russia before and during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904—1905. The author argues that, contrary to conventional opinion, in the ranks of the German military and political elite there was no agreement on the question of Russia’s involvement in an armed conflict with Japan. Wilhelm II, Chancellor Bulow and representatives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs believed that the war will benefit Germany. A. von Tirpitz and some of his subordinates were of the opinion that this situation is fraught with danger for the successful development of maritime policy in Germany.
Key words: Russo-Japanese War, Germany, international relations, military & political elite.
Sergey Gladkih, Cand. Sc. (History), Associate Professor, Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping (Kotlas Branch), Kotlas.
The given article considers the course and results of Portsmouthian Peaceful Conference emphasizing on the internal reasons of mistakes made by the Russian party in the course of negotiation process. The material is published in accordance with the discussion of the results of Russo-Japanese War.
Key words: the Russo-Japanese War, the Portsmouthian Peaceful Conference.
The given article considers the course and results of Portsmouthian Peaceful Conference emphasizing on the internal reasons of mistakes made by the Russian party in the course of negotiation process. The material is published in accordance with the discussion of the results of Russo-Japanese War.
Key words: the Russo-Japanese War, the Portsmouthian Peaceful Conference.
Alexei Emelin, Cand. Sc. (History), Deputy Head, Department of preservation and public accounting of documents of the Russian State Archive of the Navy, St. Petersburg.
The article discusses the various sources of personal origin, which describe the events of the Russo-Japanese war and are stored in the collection of the Russian State Archive of the Navy (St. Petersburg). Many of them have been used in scientific research, but others have yet to be introduced into science and are waiting for their explorers and publishers.
Key words: diaries, memoirs, letters, history, Russian Navy, Russian-Japanese war, archival documents.
The article discusses the various sources of personal origin, which describe the events of the Russo-Japanese war and are stored in the collection of the Russian State Archive of the Navy (St. Petersburg). Many of them have been used in scientific research, but others have yet to be introduced into science and are waiting for their explorers and publishers.
Key words: diaries, memoirs, letters, history, Russian Navy, Russian-Japanese war, archival documents.
Yury Zaitsev, Branch of the Center for Military Education and Research «Naval Academy», Vladivostok, Tactics Department, Associate Prof., Cand. Sc. (History).
The article highlighted the problem of Port Arthur Squadron reserve ships before and in the initial period of the Russo-Japanese war, 1904—1905, and activity of the Pacific Fleet Commander, Vice-Admiral S.O. Makarov, in preparing ships for combat action.
Key words: Reserve ships, S.O. Makarov, the Russian-Japanese war, preparing ships for combat action.
The article highlighted the problem of Port Arthur Squadron reserve ships before and in the initial period of the Russo-Japanese war, 1904—1905, and activity of the Pacific Fleet Commander, Vice-Admiral S.O. Makarov, in preparing ships for combat action.
Key words: Reserve ships, S.O. Makarov, the Russian-Japanese war, preparing ships for combat action.
Oleg Chistyakov, Cand. Sc. (History), head of scientific and reference system of the Russian State Military Historical Archive, Dolgoprudny.
The Military History Commission for describing Russo-Japanese War was created September 16, 1906 at the Main Directorate of the General Staff in order to compile and publish the historical description of the war. Here we publish a description of the actions of the military units of the separate corps of border guards of the Amur district who were in the fortress of Port Arthur during its heroic defense, composed for this commission. After completion of work, the Commission was abolished December 15, 1910. All the archival files collected were transferred to the Military Science Archive. In 1925 all the collections of the Military Science Archive were transferred to the Military Historical Archive of the RSFSR (now — Russian State Military Historical Archive), where this description is stored today. Unfortunately, the document author’s signature is illegible, but there’s a reason to believe that he is the captain of the separate corps of border guards S. Galynsky. The document consists of 88 typewritten sheets with small handwritten insertions, all bound in a separate case with an inscription of witnessing by Lt. Col. K. Agafonov, clerk and head of the Military History Archives Commission for describing Russo-Japanese War. We publish the document in conformity with the norms of modern spelling and punctuation; obvious typos are corrected, some of the features of punctuation (including all underscores and hones) are reproduced. Because of the limited publication volume we present only the first part of the document. Omitted are chapters “The August fights,” “Zaamurtsy repel the attack of Port Arthur,” “The October storming of Port Arthur,” and the conclusion. We thank Ya. Monchinskaya and V. Hodchenkova for their help with this publication. The comments section utilizes some information provided by D. Nikolaev.
Key words: Port Arthur, East Siberian Rifle Rgt, Russo-Japanese War, border guards, Zaamursky sq.
The Military History Commission for describing Russo-Japanese War was created September 16, 1906 at the Main Directorate of the General Staff in order to compile and publish the historical description of the war. Here we publish a description of the actions of the military units of the separate corps of border guards of the Amur district who were in the fortress of Port Arthur during its heroic defense, composed for this commission. After completion of work, the Commission was abolished December 15, 1910. All the archival files collected were transferred to the Military Science Archive. In 1925 all the collections of the Military Science Archive were transferred to the Military Historical Archive of the RSFSR (now — Russian State Military Historical Archive), where this description is stored today. Unfortunately, the document author’s signature is illegible, but there’s a reason to believe that he is the captain of the separate corps of border guards S. Galynsky. The document consists of 88 typewritten sheets with small handwritten insertions, all bound in a separate case with an inscription of witnessing by Lt. Col. K. Agafonov, clerk and head of the Military History Archives Commission for describing Russo-Japanese War. We publish the document in conformity with the norms of modern spelling and punctuation; obvious typos are corrected, some of the features of punctuation (including all underscores and hones) are reproduced. Because of the limited publication volume we present only the first part of the document. Omitted are chapters “The August fights,” “Zaamurtsy repel the attack of Port Arthur,” “The October storming of Port Arthur,” and the conclusion. We thank Ya. Monchinskaya and V. Hodchenkova for their help with this publication. The comments section utilizes some information provided by D. Nikolaev.
Key words: Port Arthur, East Siberian Rifle Rgt, Russo-Japanese War, border guards, Zaamursky sq.
Alexander Ivanov, Cand. Sc. (History), docent of the Far Eastern State Humanitarian University, Khabarovsk.
The article reviews the situation on the Korean peninsula before the Russian-Japanese war of 1904—1905. After Japan’s victory in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895 Japanese government adopted a policy of complete total domineering on the Korean Peninsula. Russia has tried to maintain its position in Korea and to prevent aggressive plans of Japan. In this case, the Russian government has pursued a cautious and flexible policy toward Korea, trying not to give a reason for the outbreak of war between Russia and Japan.
Key words: Russia, Japan, Korea, the Russian-Japanese relations, diplomacy, the interests in the Far East.
The article reviews the situation on the Korean peninsula before the Russian-Japanese war of 1904—1905. After Japan’s victory in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895 Japanese government adopted a policy of complete total domineering on the Korean Peninsula. Russia has tried to maintain its position in Korea and to prevent aggressive plans of Japan. In this case, the Russian government has pursued a cautious and flexible policy toward Korea, trying not to give a reason for the outbreak of war between Russia and Japan.
Key words: Russia, Japan, Korea, the Russian-Japanese relations, diplomacy, the interests in the Far East.
Yuriy Pestushko, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of Chair of Oriental Languages, Far Eastern State Humanitarian University, Khabarovsk.
The present paper analyses the history of conflict between Japan and Russia over the question of dominance on the Korean peninsula. The article educates the measures of the two countries toward Korea in the last third of 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The major conclusion of this study is that recognition of Korea as a Japanese sphere of influence had negative consequences for Russia’s policy in the East Asia. The present research paper is based on Russian and Japanese primary source materials as well as scientific literature.
Key words: Korea, Japan, Russia, Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Russo-Japanese War, Treaty of Portsmouth.
The present paper analyses the history of conflict between Japan and Russia over the question of dominance on the Korean peninsula. The article educates the measures of the two countries toward Korea in the last third of 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The major conclusion of this study is that recognition of Korea as a Japanese sphere of influence had negative consequences for Russia’s policy in the East Asia. The present research paper is based on Russian and Japanese primary source materials as well as scientific literature.
Key words: Korea, Japan, Russia, Anglo-Japanese Alliance, Russo-Japanese War, Treaty of Portsmouth.
Evgeny Sergeev, Dr. Sc. (History), senior researcher at the Institute of General History, Moscow.
The article is devoted to a less known and disputable page in the history of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904—1905 — the establishment and activities of the Russian military-intelligent bodies in the struggle with the strong and obstinate adversary in the Far East. The usage of a broader corps of archival materials, which have been so far less accessible to scholars, along with a new interpretation of the published sources, including memoirs and diaries of the participants in the war, enabled the author to stipulate the stages as well as to characterize the peculiarity and show the main trends of the Russian military intelligence as an autonomic structural component in the armed forces of the Russian Empire in the beginning of the twentieth century.
Key words: Russo-Japanese War, military intelligence, espionage, military and naval attaches (agents), scouts, subversive activity.
The article is devoted to a less known and disputable page in the history of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904—1905 — the establishment and activities of the Russian military-intelligent bodies in the struggle with the strong and obstinate adversary in the Far East. The usage of a broader corps of archival materials, which have been so far less accessible to scholars, along with a new interpretation of the published sources, including memoirs and diaries of the participants in the war, enabled the author to stipulate the stages as well as to characterize the peculiarity and show the main trends of the Russian military intelligence as an autonomic structural component in the armed forces of the Russian Empire in the beginning of the twentieth century.
Key words: Russo-Japanese War, military intelligence, espionage, military and naval attaches (agents), scouts, subversive activity.